Local Site Effect Due to Past Earthquakes in Kolkata

Authors

  • Amit Shiuly
     Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700 032
  • R. B. Sahu
     Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700 032
  • Saroj Mandal
     Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700 032
  • Narayan Roy
     Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700 032

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-0872-3

Abstract

Kolkata, capital of West Bengal, India, presently congested with moderate to high rise buildings, has undergone low to moderate damages due to past earthquakes. The city is situated on the world's largest delta island with soft thick alluvial soil layer. In this study, an attempt has been made to study ground response due to a number of past earthquakes, 1897 Shillong earthquake, 1964 Calcutta earthquake and 2011 Sikkim earthquake, for the purpose of preliminary microzonation of the Kolkata city. For this, synthetic ground motions have been generated at bedrock level by stochastic method. By using 1D wave propagation technique, the synthetic ground motion has been computed at surface level for 144 borehole locations in the city. Contours of PGA, PGV and PGD parameters in the city have been drawn for these three earthquakes. Response spectra for these three earthquakes have also been computed and an optimum response spectrum has been determined. A good correlation has been obtained with predicted ground motion at surface level of the city with the reported intensity and damages occurred in buildings of Kolkata during past earthquakes. The scenario of simulated ground motion for the past three earthquakes depicts that Kolkata city is very much prone to damages even due to moderate far and near source earthquakes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Issue

Volume 91, Issue 4, April 2018 Pages (389-516)

Section

Research Articles

Downloads

Published

2018-04-01

How to Cite

Shiuly, A., Sahu, R. B., Mandal, S., & Roy, N. (2018). Local Site Effect Due to Past Earthquakes in Kolkata. Journal of Geological Society of India, 91(4), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-0872-3
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

Anbazhagan, P. and Sitharam, T.G. (2008) Seismic microzonation of Bangalore, India. Jour. Earth System Sci., v.117(SUPPL.2), pp.833–852.

Banerjee, M. and Sen, P.K. (1987) Palaeobiology in understanding the change of sea level and coast line in Bengal basin during Holocene period. Indian Jour. Earth Sci., v.14(3–4), pp.307–320.

Boore, D.M. (1972) A note on the effect of simple topography on seismic SH waves. Bull. Sesmol. Soc. Amer., v.62(1), pp.275–284.

Boore, D.M., 2003. Simulation of Ground Motion Using the Stochastic Method. Pure Appld. Geophys., v.160(3), pp.635–676.

Boore, D.M. (2013) SMSIM.

Brune, J.N. (1971) Correction. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.76, p.5002.

Celebi, M. (1987) Topographical and geological amplifications determined from strong-motion and aftershock records of the 3 March 1985 Chile earthquake. Bull. Sesmol. Soc. Amer., v.77, pp.199–217.

í‡elebi, M., 1991. Topographical and geological amplification: case studies and engineering implications. Structural Safety, v.10(1–3), pp.199–217. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ 0167473091900152 [Accessed May 31, 2015].

Chatterjee, K. and Choudhury, D. (2016) Influences of Local Soil Conditions for Ground Response in Kolkata City During Earthquakes. In: Proc. National Acad. Sci., India Section A: Physical Sciences. Springer India.

Chatterjee, K. and Choudhury, D. (2013) Variations in shear wave velocity and soil site class in Kolkata city using regression and sensitivity analysis.

Natural Hazards, v.69(3), pp.2057–2082. Available at: http:// link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-013-0795-7.

Das, N.G. (2008) Statistical Methods, Kolkata: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

Davis, P.M. (2000) Northridge Earthquake Damage Caused by Geologic Focusing of Seismic Waves. Science, v.289(5485), pp.1746–1750.

Desai, S.S. and Choudhury, D. (2015) Site-Specific Seismic Ground Response Study for Nuclear Power Plants and Ports in Mumbai. Nat. Hazards Rev., v.16(4), pp.1–13.

Dobry, R. et al. (2000) New Site Coefficients and Site Classification System Used in Recent Building Seismic Code Provisions. Earthquake Spectra, v.16(1), pp.41–67. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586082.

Dunn, J.A., Auden, J.B. and Ghosh, A.M.N. (1939) The Bihar Nepal earthquake of 1934. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.73, pp.27–48.

G.S.I. (2000) Seismotechtonic atlas of India and its environs. Geol. Surv. India.

Govindaraju, L. et al. (2004) Site-specií»c ground response analysis. Curr. Sci., v.87(10), pp.1354–1362.

Govindaraju, L. and Bhattacharya, S. (2012) Site-specific earthquake response study for hazard assessment in Kolkata city, India. Natural Hazards, v.61(3), pp.943–965.

GSHAP (1999) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program.

Jafari, M.K. et al. (2005) Site Effects of the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, v.21(S1), pp.125–136. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1193/1.2098266.

Jhingran, A.G., Karunakaran, C. and Krishnamurthy, J.G. (1969) The Calcutta Earthquake of 15th April and 9th June, 1964. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.97(2), pp.1–29.

Kawase, H. and Aki, K. (1989) A study on the response of a soft basin for incident S, P, and Rayleigh waves with special reference to the long duration observed in Mexico City. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., v.79(5), pp.1361-1382.

Kayen, R.E. and Mitchell, J.K. (1997) Arias intensity assessment of liquefaction test sites on the east side of San Francisco Bay affected by the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 17 October 1989. Natural Hazards, v.16(2–3), pp.243–265.

Kramer, S.L. (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering, New York: Prentice Hall.

Middlemiss, C.S. (1908) Two Calcutta earthquakes of 1906. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.36(3), pp.214–232.

Mohanty, W.K. and Walling, M.Y. (2008a) First order seismic microzonation of Haldia, Bengal Basin (India) using a GIS platform. Pure Appld. Geophys., v.165(7), pp.1325–1350.

Mohanty, W.K. and Walling, M.Y. (2008b) Seismic hazard in mega city Kolkata, India. Natural Hazards, v.47(1), pp.39–54.

Mukhopadhyay, M. and Dasgupta, S. (1988) Deep structure and tectonics of the Burmese arc: constraints from earthquake and gravity data. Tectonophysics, v.49, pp.299–322.

Mukhopadhyay, S. et al. (2002) Seismic microzonation of Delhi for groundshaking site effects. Curr. Sci., v.82(7), pp.877–881.

Nandy, D.R. (2007) Need for seismic microzonation of Kolkata megacity. In: Proceedings of workshop on microzonation. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Narayan, J.P., Sharma, M.L. and Kumar, A. (2002) A Seismological Report on the 26 January 2001 Bhuj, India Earthquake. Seismol. Res. Lett., v.73(3), pp.343–355.

Oldham, R.D. (1899) Report on the great earthquake of 12th June, 1897. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.29, pp.1–379.

Oldham, T. (1883) A catalogue of Indian earthquakes from the earliest time to the end of 1869 AD. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, no.1, pp.163–215.

Panza, G.F., Vaccari, F. and Cazzaro, R. (1997) Correlation between macroseismic Intensities and seismic ground motion parameters. Ann. Geof., v.15, pp.1371–1382.

Panza, G.F., Vaccari, F. and Cazzaro, R. (1999) Deterministic seismic hazard assessment. In: Vrancea earthquakes. In: K. Wenzel, F. et al., (Eds.), Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation. pp.269–286. Available at: http:// link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-011-4748-4_25.

Phanikanth, V.S., Choudhury, D. and Reddy, G.R. (2011) Equivalent-Linear Seismic Ground Response Analysis of Some Typical Sites in Mumbai. Geotech. Geol. Engg., v.29, pp.1109–1126.

Raghukanth, S.T.G. and Iyengar, R.N. (2006) Seismic hazard estimation for Mumbai city. Curr. Sci., v.9(11), pp.1486–1494.

Raghukanth, S.T.G. and Somala, S.N. (2009) Modeling of strong-motion data in Northeastern India: Q, stress drop, and site amplification. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., v.99(2A), pp.705–725.

Reiter, L. (1990) Earthquake hazard analysis: issues and insights. New York: Columbia University Press.

Roy, N. and Sahu, R.B. (2012) Site specific ground motion simulation and seismic response analysis for microzonation of Kolkata. Geomechanics and Engineering, 4(1), pp.1–18. Available at: http://koreascience.or.kr/ journal/view.jsp?kj=TPTPHF&py=2012&vnc=v4n1&sp=1.

Seeber, L. and Armbruster, J.G. (1981) Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalaya arc and long-term forecasting, in Earthquake prediction – an international review. In: Maurice Ewing Series 4, AGU. D.E. Simpson and Richards, pp.259–277.

Seed, H.B. et al. (1988) The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985” Relationships Between Soil Conditions and Earthquake Ground Motions.

Earthquake Spectra, v.4(4), pp.687–729. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1193/1.1585498.

Sharma, M.L., Wason, H.R. and Dimri, R. (2003) Seismic zonation of the Delhi region for bedrock ground motion. Pure Appld. Geophys., v.160(12), pp.2381–2398.

Shiuly, A., Kumar, V. and Narayan, J. (2014) Computation of ground motion amplification in Kolkata megacity (India) using finite-difference method for seismic microzonation. Acta Geophysica, v.62(3), pp.425–450. Available at: http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/acgeo.2014.62.issue-3/ s11600-013-0169-2/s11600-013-0169-2.xml.

Shiuly, A. and Narayan, J.P. (2012) Deterministic seismic microzonation of Kolkata city. Natural Hazards, v.60(2), pp.223–240.

Shiuly, A., Sahu, R.B. and Mandal, S. (2015) Seismic microzonation of Kolkata. Geomech.d Engg., v.9(2), pp.125–144.

Shiuly, A., Sahu, R.B. & Mandal, S., 2017. Site specific seismic hazard analysis and determination of response spectra of Kolkata for maximum considered earthquake. Jour. Geophys. Engg., v.14(3), pp.466–477.

Singh, S.K. et al. (1999) A spectral analysis of the 21 May 1997, Jabalpur, India, earthquake (Mw = 5.8) and estimation of ground motion from future earthquakes in the Indian shield region. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., v.89, pp.1620–1630.

Som, N.N. (1999) Braced Excavation in Soft Clay Experiences of Calcutta Metro Construction. In 21st IGS Annual Lecture. Indian Geotech. Jour., v.29(10), pp.1-89.

Stuart, M. (1926) The Srimangal earthquake of 8th July 1918. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.46, pp.1–70.

Vaccari, F. et al. (2011) Site-Specific Modeling of SH and P-SV Waves for Microzonation Study of Kolkata Metropolitan City, India. Pure Appld. Geophys., v.168(3–4), pp.479–493.

Zeevaert, L., 1991. Seismosoil dynamics of foundations in Mexico City Earthquake, September 19, 1985. Jour. Geotech. Engg., v.117(3), pp.376-428.