Sediment Hosted Stratiform Copper (SSC) Mineralization in Bhudoli-Basari Area, North Delhi Fold Belt, Mesoproterozoic Delhi Supergroup, Rajasthan
Authors
-
Geological Survey of India, Jaipur – 302 004
Shubhabrata Mukhopadhyay -
Geological Survey of India, Jaipur – 302 004
Vineet Kumar
-
Geological Survey of India, Jaipur – 302 004
Monika Sangwan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-019-1245-2Keywords:
No keywordsAbstract
The rocks of the Kushalgarh Formation of the Delhi Supergroup in northeast Rajasthan, host low-temperature prospect generally known as sediment hosted stratiform copper (SSC) mineralization in Bhudoli-Basari area, district Sikar, Rajasthan. Mineralization is about 3km in length with variable width of up to 600m and sulphides occur mainly as fine dissemination as well as veinlets within the steeply dipping carbonate rocks, which were remobilized along the quartz-calcite veins during compaction and subsequent deformation. The prospect is product of low-temperature aqueous brines. The brines leached, transported, and deposited copper (and associated metals) as per physical and chemical stabilities. The mineralization in the Bhudoli-Basari SSC consists mainly of bedding-parallel disseminations of fine-grained sulphides, typically zoned. Copper is leached from poorly sorted first-cycle clastic sediments of footwall redbeds, associated meta/volcanics of the Raialo Group and basement rocks during their progressive diagenetic alteration by moderate-temperature oxygen rich brines. Ore mineral zoning from chalcocite to pyrite in the Bhudoli-Basari area is archetypal to other SSC deposits viz. the Kupferschiefer of Poland-Germany and the Central African Copper belt of Zambia.
Downloads
Metrics
Issue
Section
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
References
Bateman, A.M. and Lasky, S.G. (1932) Covellite-chalcocite soild solution and exsolutions. Econ. Geol. v.27(1), pp.52-86.
Behera, K.K. (2008) Specialized Thematic Mapping of Delhi Supergroup of rocks in Dariba-Toda Area, Sikar District, Rajasthan with special emphasis on locating new zones of Copper Mineralization. Geol. Surv. India Report, Western Region, Field Season 2006-07.
Bhaise, M.S., Brahma, S.J. and Mahanta, H. (2010) Investigation for basemetals and associated precious metal in Dariba North Block, Sikar district, Rajasthan, Unpubd. Geol. Surv. India Report for FS 2010-12.
Brett, R. and Yund, R.A. (1964) Sulfur-rich bornites. American Mineralogist, v.49, pp.1084-1098.
Brown, A.C. and Trammell, J.W. (1965) Zoning of the White Pine copper deposit, Ontonagon Co., Michigan. Econ. Geol., v.61, pp.1308 (abstract).
Brown, A.C. (1971) Zoning in the White Pine copper deposit, Ontonogan County, Michigan. Econ. Geol., v.66, pp.543–573.
Brown, A.C. (1984) Alternative sources of metals for stratiform copper deposits. Precambrian Res., v.25, pp.61-74.
Brown, AC (2005) Refinements for footwall red-bed diagenesis in the sedimenthosted stratiform copper deposits model. Econ. Geol., v.100, pp.765–771.
Brown, A.C. (2009) A process-based approach to estimating the copper derived from red beds in the sediment-hosted stratiform copper model. Econ. Geol., v.104, pp.857–868.
Brown, A.C. (2011) Adding geochemical rigor to the general basin-scale genetic model for sediment-hosted stratiform copper mineralization. Society for Geology Applied to Ore Deposits, Proc. 11th Biennial Meeting, Sept. 2011, Antofagasta, Chile (extended abstracts).
Brown, A.C. (2013) Low-Temperature Sediment-Hosted Copper Deposits. Treatise on Geochemistry: Second Edition. 13. 251-271. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01110-4.
Chakrabarti, C., Pyne, T.K., Gupta, P., Basu Mallick, S. and Guha, D. (2004) Manual of the Geology of India. Geol. Surv. India, Spec. Publ., no.77(IV).
Cox, D.P., Lindsey, D.A., Singer, D.A., Moring, B.C. and Diggles, M.F. (2007) Sediment-Hosted Copper Deposits of the World: Deposit Models and Database, USGS Open-File Report 03-107,
Hitzman, M.W., Kirkham, R., Broughton, D., Thorson, J. and Selley, D. (2005) The sediment hosted stratiform copper ore system. In: Hedenquist J.W., Thompson J.F.H., Goldfarb R.J. and Richards J.P. (Eds.), Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume 1905–2005, pp. 609–642. Littleton, CO: Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
Hitzman, M.W., Selley, D. and Bull, S. (2010) Formation of sedimentary rockhosted stratiform copper deposits through earth's history. Econ Geol., v.105, pp.627-639.
Hurlbut, C.S. and Klein, C. (1977) Manual of Mineralogy. John Wiley and Sons. 240p.
Kirkham, R.V. (1989) Distribution, setting and genesis of sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits. In: Boyle, R.W., Brown, A.C., Jefferson, C.W., Jowett, E.C., and Kirkham, R.V. (Eds.), Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Copper Deposits, Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 36, pp. 3–38.
Kirkham, R.V. (2001) Sediment-hosted stratiform copper (SSC), other stratabound base metal deposits and the importance of basinal brines and/ or evaporites, halotectonics and halokinesis. In: Piestrzyn´ski A., et al.
(Ed.) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the Joint Sixth Biennial SGA-SEG Meeting, Krakow, pp. 15–18. Lisse, The Netherlands: A. A. Balkema.
Kumar, V. and Sangwan, M. (2015) Geochemical mapping of Topo sheets 45M/14 & 45N/03 (Part) covering parts of Ajmer, Jaipur, Sikar & Tonk Districts, Rajasthan. Geol. Surv. India, Western Region, Unpubld. Report of Field Season 2014-15.
Kumar, V. and Sangwan, M. (2016) Final report on investigation for copper and associated precious metals in Bhudoli-Basadi area, Nim Ka Thana, Sikar, Rajasthan (Stage G-4). Geol. Surv. India, Western Region, Unpubld. Report of Field Season 2015-16.
Mishra, SP (1977) A report on geochemical prospecting and exploratory drilling for base metals in Dariba area, Sikar district, Rajasthan. Geol. Surv. India, Unpubld. Report of Field Season 1972-73.
Mukhopadhyay, S. (2014) Stratabound bornite bearing copper-silver mineralization in Panchokharkhara - Dokan- Baniwala Ki Dhani area in Mesoproterozoic Delhi Supergroup, Northeast Rajasthan. Indian Jour.
Geosciences, v.68(4), pp.325-336.
Oszczepalski, S. (1999) Origin of the Kuferschiefer polymetallic mineralization in Poland: Mineralium Deposita, v.34, pp.599-613.
Ripley, E., Merino, E., Moore, C., and Ortoleva, P. (1985) Mineral zoning in sediment-hosted copper deposits in Wolf, K.H., ed., Handbook of Stratabound and Stratiform Ore Deposits, v.13, Chapter 3, pp.238-360.
Singh, S.P. (1984a) Evolution of the Proterozoic Alwar sub-basin, north-eastern Rajasthan. Indian Jour. Earth Sci., CEISM Seminar, pp.113-124.
Singh, S.P. (1984b) Fluvial sedimentation of the Proterozoic Alwar Group in the Lalgarh graben, Northwestern India. Sedimentary Geology, v.39, pp.95-119.
Vaughan, D.J. and Craig, J.R. (1997) Sulfide ore mineral stabilities morphologies and intergrowth textures. In: Barnes HL (Ed.) Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, 3rd edn., pp. 367–434. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Wandke, A, (1926) Molecular migration and mineral transformation. Econ. Geol., v.21(2), pp.166-171.
White, W.S. (1960) The White Pine copper deposit. Econ. Geol., v.55, pp.402– 410.
