Drainage Pattern and its Bearing on Relative Active Tectonics of a Region: A Study in the Son Valley, Central India
Authors
-
Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanabad - 826 004
R. K. Dubey -
Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanabad - 826 004
Ravi Shankar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-019-1248-zKeywords:
No keywordsAbstract
The paper emphasis the participation of different geomorphic parameters related to various characteristics of drainage in evaluation of active tectonics of an area. For the purpose, the morphotectonic evaluations of the Son valley, central India have been carried by involving various drainage related geomorphic indices viz., stream-gradient index (SL), hypsometric integral (HI), drainage basin asymmetry (AF), valley floor height and width ratio (Vf), transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), drainage basin shape (BS) and sinuosity index (SI) and relative rock strength (RRS) for classification of relative index of active tectonics (RIAT) in geographic information systems (GIS) environment to understand the role of active tectonics in geomorphologic evolution of the studied region. The established RIAT classes through field validations categorize the valley into four zones such as class 1- low activity ( RIAT<2.7); class 2- moderate activity (RIAT=2.7 < 2.99); class 3- high activity (RIAT=2.99 < 3.29); and class 4-very high activity (RIAT>3.29). The sub-dendritic, rectilinear and parallel linear drainage styles in RIAT classified basin reveal the traverse of a network of seventeen faults in association with two major faults namely Son- Narmada-North Fault (SNNF) and Son-Narmada South Fault (SNSF) in variable associations of rocks and multiple types of structural elements present in the Son valley. The signature of vertical upliftments may indicate the instability tectonic activities along the identified network of faults associated with SNNF and SNSF. Hence, the study suggests variable tectonically activeness of area in the Son valley.
Downloads
Metrics
Issue
Section
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
References
Acharrya, S. K., (2003) The Nature of Mesoproterozoic Central Indian Tectonic Zone with Exhumed and Reworked Older Granulites. Gondwana Res., v.6, pp.197-214.
Alipoor, R., Poorkermani, E., Zare, M., El Hamdouni, R., (2011) Active tectonic assessment around Rudbar Lorestan dam site, High Zagros Belt (SW Iran). Geomorphology, v.128(1-2), pp.1-14.
Azor, A., Keller, E.A., Yeats, R.S., (2002) Geomorphic indicators of active fold growth: South Mountain–Oak Ridge Ventura basin, Southern California. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v.114, pp.745–753.
Banerjee, M., Bhattacharya, D., Singh, H. N., and Shanker, D., (2010) Evaluation of Hydrogeology of the lower Son Valley based on Remote Sensing data. Jour. Geographic Information System, v.2, pp.220-227.
Bull, W.B., (1978) Geomorphic Tectonic Classes of the South Front of the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Ofí»ce of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Engineering, Menlo Park, CA. USGS Contract Report, 14-08-001-G, pp.394.
Bull, W.B., (2007) Tectonic geomorphology of mountains: a new approach to paleoseismology. Blackwell, Malden., pp.10-80.
Bull, W.B., and McFadden, L.D. (1977) Tectonic geomorphology north and south of the Garlock fault, California. In: Doehring, D.O. (Ed.), Geomorphology in Arid Regions. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Geomorphology Symposium, State University of New York, Binghamton, pp.15–138.
Burbank, D.W. and Anderson, R.S. (2001) Tectonic geomorphology. Blackwell Science, Malden, MA, v.91, pp.746–774.
Cannon, P.J. (1976) Generation of explicit parameters for a quantitative geomorphic study of Mill Creek drainage basin. Oklahoma Geology Notes, v.36(1), pp.3–16.
Chen, Y.C., Sung, Q.C. and Cheng K.Y. (2003) Along-strike variations of morphotectonic features in the western foothills of Taiwan: tectonic implications based on stream gradient and hypsometric analysis, Geomorphology, v.56, pp.13–109.
Chopra, N. (2012) Land use planning of southern part of Sonbhadra district, U.P., using Remote Sensing Techniques, Int. Jour. Geomatics and Geosciences, v.2(4), pp.924-938.
Chopra, R., Dhiman, R.D. and Sharma, E.K. (2005) Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in Gurdaspur District, Punjab using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Jour. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, v.33(4), pp.531-539.
Cox, R.T. (1994) Analysis of drainage basin symmetry as a rapid technique to identify areas of possible Quaternary tilt-block tectonics: an example from the Mississippi Embayment. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v.106, pp.571–581.
Dar, J.A., and Dubey, R.K. (2013b) Deformation and Neotectonics of SubHimalaya of Kashmir Valley, India: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach. Inter. Jour. Earth Sci. Engg., v.6(5), pp.940-947.
Delcaillau, B., Deffontaines, B., Angelier, J., De´ramond, J., Floissac, L., Souquet, P., Chu, H.T. (1998) Morphotectonic evidence from lateral propagation of an active frontal fold; the Pakuashan anticline, foothills of Taiwan. Geomorphology, v.24, pp.263–290.
El-Hamdouni, R., Irigaray, C., Fernández, T., Chacón, J. and Keller, E.A. (2008) Assessment of relative active tectonics, southwest border of the Sierra Nevada (southern Spain). Geomorphology, v.96, pp.150–173.
Etchebehere, M.L.C., Saad, A.R., Perinotto, J.A.J. and Fulfaro, V.J. (2004) Aplicaçí£o do índice "Relaçí£o Declividade-Extensí£o - RDE” na Bacia do Rio do Peixe (SP) para detecçí£o de deformaçíµes neotectí´nicas. Revista do Instituto de Geociíªncias USP, Série Científica, Sí£o Paulo, v.4(2), pp.4356.
Etchebehere, M.L.C., Saad, A.R., Santoni, G.C., Casado, F.C. and Fulfaro, V.J. (2006) Detecçí£o de prováveis deformaçíµes neotectí´nicas no vale do Rio do Peixe, regií£o ocidental paulista mediante aplicaçí£o de índices RDE (Relaçí£o Declividade-Extensí£o) em segmentos de drenagem. Geociíªncias, v.25, pp.271-289.
Gardner, T.W., Sasowsky K.C. and Rick, L.D. (1990) Automated extraction of geomorphometric properties from digital elevation data. Jour. Geomorph. N.F., Suppl.-Bd, v.80, pp.57-68.
Ghosh, G.K. and Singh, C.L. (2013) Intrusion and upliftment of Mahakoshal rocks between Vindhyan and Gondwana in Narmada Son Lineament, Central India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.81, pp.556-564.
Hack, J.T. (1973) Stream-profiles analysis and stream-gradient index. Jour. Res. USGS, v.1, pp.421–429.
Hare, P.W., and Gardner, T.W., (1985). Geomorphic indicators of vertical neotectonism along converging plate margins, Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. In: Morisawa, M., Hack, J.T. (Eds.), Tectonic Geomorphology.
Proceedings of the 15th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium. Allen and Unwin, Boston, MA, pp. 123–134.
Jain, S.C., Nair, K.K.K. and Yedekar, D.B. (1995) Geology of the SonNarmada-Tapti lineament zone in Central India. Project CRUMANSONATA, Geol. Surv. India Spec. Publ., v.10, pp.1-154.
Jain, V. and Sinha, R. (2005) Response of active tectonics on the Alluvial Baghmati river, Himalayan foreland basin, eastern India. Geomorphology, v.70, Nos.3-4, pp.339–356,
Keller, E.A., (1986): Investigation of active tectonics: use of surficial Earth processes. In: Wallace, R.E. (Ed.), Active Tectonics, Studies in Geophysics. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp.136–147.
Keller, E.A. and Pinter, N., (2002) Active Tectonics: Earthquakes, Uplift and Landscape. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp.362.
Kothyari, G.C. and Rastogi, B.K. (2013) Tectonic control on drainage network evolution in the Upper Narmada Valley: Implication to Neotectonics, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Geography Jour., pp. 1- 9.
Kumar, R., (1998) Fundamentals of historical geology and stratigraphy of India, pp.1-268.
Mall, D.M., Singh, A.P. and Sarkar, D. (2005) Structure and seismotectonics of Satpura, Central India. Curr. Sci., v.88(10), pp.1621-1627.
Mayer, L., (1990) Introduction to Quantitative Geomorphology; an exercise manual, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, pp.380.
Menon, R., Kumar, P.S., Reddy, G.K., and Srinivasan, R. (2003) Radiogenic heat production of late Archaean Bundelkhand granite and some Proterozoic gneisses and granitoids of Central India, Curr. Sci., v.85, pp.5.
Missura, R., (2005): Análise morfoestratigráfica da Bacia do Ribeirí£o dos Poncianos/MG. Rio Claro, Tese (Mestrado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista. Unpublished, pp.136.
Moglen, G.E. and Bras, R.L., (1995): The importance of spatially heterogeneous erosivity and the cumulative area distribution within a basin evolution model. Geomorphology, v.12, pp.173–185.
Monteiro, K.A., (2010): Superfícies de aplainamento e morfogíªnese da bacia do rio Tracunhaem, Pernambuco. Recife, Tese (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, pp.124.
Montgomery, D. R., Abbe, T. B., Peterson, N. P., Buffington, J. M., Schmidt, K., and Stock. J. D., (1996) Distribution of bedrock and alluvial channels in forested mountain drainage basins. Nature (London), v.381, pp.587– 589.
Naidu, G. D., and Harinarayana, T., (2009) Deep electrical imaging of the Narmada-Tapti region, central India from magnetotellurics. Tectonophysics, v.476, pp.538-549.
Nair, K.K.K., Jain, S.C. and Yedekar, D.B., (1995): Stratigraphy, structure and geochemistry of the Mahakoshal greenstone belt, Geol Soc India Mem., v.31, pp.403-432.
Pedrera, A., Pérez-Peña, J.V., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Azañón, J.M., and Azor, A., (2009) Testing the sensitivity of geomorphic indices in areas of lowrate active folding (eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain), Geomorphology, v.105, pp.218–231.
Perez-Pena, J. V., Azañón, J. M., Azor, A., Tuccimei, P., Della Seta, M., and Soligo, M., (2009) Quaternary landscape evolution and erosion rates for an intramontane Neogene basin (Guadix–Baza basin, SE Spain), Geomorphology, v.106, pp.206–218.
Perez-Pena, J. V., Azor, a., Azañón J. M., and Keller E. A., (2010) Active tectonics in the Sierra Nevada (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Insights from geomorphic indeces and drainage pattern analysis, Geomorphology, v.119, pp.74–87.
Pike, R.J., and Wilson, S.E., (1971) Elevation-relief ratio, hypsometric integral and geomorphic area-altitude analysis. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v.82, pp.1079-1084.
Ramirez-Herrera, M. T., (1998): Geomorphic assessment of active tectonics in the Acambay Graben, Mexican volcanic belt. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v.23, pp.317–332.
Reineck, H.E. and Singh, I.B. (1980) Depositional sedimentary environments: Springer-Verlag, New York, 2nd edition, v.19, pp.549.
Rockwell, T. K., Keller, E. A. and Johnson, D. L. (1985) Tectonic geomorphology of alluvial fans and mountain fronts near Ventura, California. In: Morisawa, M. (Ed.), Tectonic Geomorphology. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Geomorphology Symposium. Allen and Unwin Publishers, Boston, pp.183–207.
Roy, A., and Bandyopadhyay, B.K., (1990) Tectonic and structural pattern of the Mahakoshal belt of Central India - A discussion. Geol. Surv. India, Spec. Publ., v.28, pp.226-240.
Ramirez-Herrera, M.T. (1998) Geomorphic assessment of active tectonics in the Acambay Graben, Mexican volcanic belt. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v.23, pp.317–332.
Schumm, S.A., Dumont, J.F., Holbrook, J.M. (2000) Active Tectonics and Alluvial Rivers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.276-284.
Seeber, L. and Gornitz, V. (1983) River profiles along the Himalayan arc as indicators of active tectonics. Tectonophysics, v.92(4), pp.335–367.
Silva, P.G., Goy, J.L., Zazo, C. and Bardajm, T. (2003) Fault generated mountain fronts in Southeast Spain: geomorphologic assessment of tectonic and earthquake activity. Geomorphology, v.250, pp.203–226.
Singh, C.K. and Srivastava, V. (2011) Morphotectonics of the area around Renukoot, district Sonbhadra U.P. using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Jour. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, v.39(2), pp..235–240.
Singh, S., and Singh, M.C., (1997): Morphometric analysis of Kanhar River basin. National Geographical. Jour. India, v.43(1), pp.31-43.
Singh, Y., and Krishna, V. (2009) Rb-Sr Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Granitoids from the Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex of Raikera-Kunkuri Region, Central India. Jour. Geol Soc. India, v.74, pp.200-208.
Srivastava, V.K., (1997): Study of drainage pattern of Jharia coalfield (Bihar), India, through Remote Sensing Technology. Jour. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, v.25(1), pp.41-46.
Srivastava,V.K. and Mitra, D. (1995) Study of drainage pattern of Raniganj Coalfield (Burdwan district) as observed on LandsatTM/ IRS LISS II imagery, Jour. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, v.23, pp.225-235.
Strahler, A.N., (1957) Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geol. Soc. America Bull., v.63, pp.1117–1142.
Troiani, F. and Seta, D.M., (2008) The use of the Stream Length-Gradient Index in morphotectonic analysis of small catchments: A case study from Central Italy. Geomorphology, v.102(1), pp.159-168.
Vittala, S. S., Govindaiah, S., and Gowda, H.H. (2008) Prioritization of subwatersheds for sustainable development and management of natural resources: An integrated approach using Remote Sensing, GIS and socioeconomic data. Curr. Sci., v.95(3), pp.345-354.
West, T.R. (2010) Geology applied and engineering. Waveland Press Inc., IL, pp.79.
Yedekar, D.H., Jain, S.C., Nair, K.K.K. and Dutta, K.K., (1990) The central Indian collision suture. Precambrian of Central India. Geol. Surv. India, Nagpur, Spec. Publ., v.28, pp.1-43.
