Assessment of Domestic Water Use Pattern and Drinking Water Quality of Sikkim, North Eastern Himalaya, India: A Crosssectional Study
Authors
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Department of Geography, Raja N. L. Khan Women's College, Midnapur, West Bengal
Pravat Kumar Shit -
Aarvee Associates Architects, Engineers and Consultants Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad - 500 082, Andhra Pradesh
Gouri Sankar Bhunia
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Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapur, West Bengal - 721102
Manojit Bhattacharya
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Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapur, West Bengal - 721102
Bidhan Chandra Patra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-019-1348-9Keywords:
No Keywords.Abstract
The present study focused on the pattern of domestic water consumption in Sikkim state of India along with the assessment of the hydro-chemical and hydrobiological characteristics of drinking water quality. The pattern of water consumption and socioeconomic status were acquired through questionnaires and interview of 98 households in three major towns of Sikkim e.g. Gangtok, Ravangla and Pelling. Results showed that the hydro-chemical parameters of drinking water were less than maximum permissible limit as prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus spp. and P. aeruginosa were detected in 80.2, 47.5, 49.8, 55.2 and 75 percent of the drinking water samples respectively. However, a careful household survey reveals that about 43% of respondents suffered from water-borne diseases during the monsoon period. For this reason 60% of people prefer boiling or detoxify the water before drinking.
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