Source Rock Characterization for Hydrocarbon Generative Potential and Thermal Maturity of Sutunga Coals, (East Jaintia Hill) Meghalaya, India: Petrographic and Geochemical Approach
Authors
-
Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geological Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi – 229 304
Alok Kumar -
Department of Geology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, 788 004, Assam
Manabendra Nath
-
Department of Petroleum Engineering and Geological Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi – 229 304
Alok K. Singh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-021-1739-6Keywords:
No keywords.Abstract
The study presents hydrocarbon generative potential and thermal maturity of the Paleogene coals from Sutunga, Meghalaya, India using petro-geochemical method. The petrographic examination showed that the analyzed samples contain abundant vitrinite group macerals (mean 71.8%) with a significant amount of the liptinite (17.4%) group maceral, while the concentration of inertinite group is less (3.1%). Vitrinite reflectance (0.38 to 0.69 %Rom), indicates that the rank of Sutunga coals as sub-bituminous ‘B’ to high volatile bituminous ‘C’. The results obtained from rockeval pyrolysis show that the hydrogen index (HI) ranges from 245 to 348 mg HC/g TOC and temperature at S2 peak (Tmax) is 412 to 441 0C. These coals contain Type III and Type II/III kerogen and are immature in nature. The total organic carbon (TOC) and S2 yield of Sutunga coals vary from 27.5–93.3 wt%, and 86.0–300.1 mg HC/g rock respectively indicating its high potential for hydrocarbon.
Downloads
Metrics
Issue
Section
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
References
ASTM D388-15 (2015) Standard Classification of Coals by Rank. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D388-12 (2012) Standard classification of coals by rank. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D5373-08 (2008) Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
BIS (2003) Methods of Test for Coal and Coke (2nd Revision of IS: 1350). Part I, Proximate Analysis. Bureau of Indian Stands, New Delhi, pp.1-29.
Bordenave, M.L. (1993) The sedimentation of organic matter. Applied Petroleum Geochemistry. Editions Technip, Paris.
Bordenave, M.L., Espitalié, L., Leplat, P. Oudin, J.L. and Vandenbroucke, M. (1993) Screening techniques for source rock evaluation. In: Bordenave, M.L. (Ed.) Applied Petroleum Geochemistry. Editions Technip, Paris, pp.217–278.
George, S.C., Smith J.W. and Jardine D.R. (1994) Vitrinite suppression in coal due to marine transgression: case study of the organic geochemistry of the Greta seam, Sydney Basin. APPEA Jour., v.34(1), pp.241–255.
Cornford, C. (1979) Organic deposition at a continental rise: organic geochemical interpretation and synthesis at DSDP Site 397, eastern North Atlantic. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Part 1, U. von Rad and W. B.E. Ryan et al. (Eds.), U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, pp.503–510.
Hakimi, M.H., Abdullah, W.H., Sia, S.G. and Makeen, Y.M. (2013) Organic geochemical and petrographic characteristics of Tertiary coals in the northwest Sarawak, Malaysia: Implications for palaeoenvironmental conditions and hydrocarbon generation potential. Marine Petrol. Geol., v.48, pp.31–46.
International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology, (2001) The new inertinite classification (ICCP System 1994). Fuel, v.80, pp.459–471.
International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology, (1998) The new vitrinite classification (ICCP system 1994): International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP). Fuel, v.77, pp.349–358.
International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology, 1975. International Handbook of Coal Petrology, 2nd Supplement to 2nd ed. Centre National de Recherche Scient fique, Paris.
ISO 7404-5 (2009) Methods for the Petrographic Analysis of Coal—Part 5: Methods of Determining Microscopically the Reflectance of Vitrinite. Internat. Organ. for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, pp.1–14.
Indian Bureau of Mines, (2018) Indian Minerals Yearbook 2017, 56th ed. Indian Bureau of Mines (ed.). Nagpur, Ministry of Mines.
Isabel, S.R. (2012) Organic Petrology: An overview. Petrology: New Perspectives and Applications, pp.199.
Kumar, A., Singh, A.K., Paul, D. and Kumar, A. (2020) Evaluation of hydrocarbon potential with insight into climate and environment present during deposition of the Sonari lignite, Barmer Basin Rajasthan. Energy and Climate change, DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2020.100006.
Mishra, B.K. (1992) Optical properties of some Tertiary coals from north eastern India: Their depositional environment and hydrocarbon potential. Internat. Jour. Coal Geol., v.20, pp.115–144.
Mishra, H.K. and Ghosh, R.K. (1996) Geology, petrology and utilization potential of some Tertiary coals of north eastern region of India. Internat. Jour. Coal Geol., v.30, pp.65–100.
Mukhopadhyay, P.K., Wade, J.A. and Kruge, M.A. (1995) Organic facies and maturation of Jurassic/Cretaceous rocks, and possible oil-source rock correlation based on pyrolysis of asphaltenes, Scotion Basin, Canada. Organic Geochemistry, v.22, pp.85–104.
Pandey, B., Pathak, D.B., Mathur, N., Jaitly, A.K., Singh, A. K., and Singh, P.K. 2018. A preliminary evaluation on the prospects of hydrocarbon potential in the carbonaceous shales of Spiti and Chikkim formations, Tethys Himalaya, India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.92, pp.427–434.
Peters, K.E. (1986) Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using programmed pyrolysis. AAPG Bulletin, v.70, pp.318–386.
Peters, K.E. and Cassa, M.R. (1994) Applied source rock geochemistry. In: Magoon, L. B., W. G. Dow (Eds.), The Petroleum System-from Source to Trap. AAPG Mem., v.60, pp.93–120.
Petersen, H.I. and Nytoft, H.P. (2006) Oil generation capacity of coals as a function of coal age and aliphatic structure. Organic Geochemistry, v.37, pp.558–583.
Petersen, H.I. (2005) Oil generation from coal source rocks: the influence of depositional conditions and stratigraphic age. Geol. Surv. Denmark and Greenland Bull., no.7, pp. 9–12.
Singh, A.K. and Kumar, A. (2020) Assessment of Thermal Maturity, Source Rock Potential and Paleodepositional Environment of the Paleogene Lignites in Barsingsar, Bikaner–Nagaur Basin, Western Rajasthan, India. Natural Resour. Res., v.29, pp.1283–1305.
Singh, A.K. and Kumar, A. (2018a) Petrographic and geochemical study of Gurha Lignites, Bikaner Basin, Rajasthan, India: Implications for thermal maturity, hydrocarbon generation potential and paleodepositional environment. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.92(1), pp.27–35.
Singh, A.K. and Kumar, A. (2018b) Organic geochemical characteristics of Nagaur lignites, Rajasthan, India, and their implication on thermal maturity and paleoenvironment. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, v.40(15), pp.1842–1851.
Singh, A.K. and Kumar, A. (2017a) Liquefaction behavior of Eocene lignites of Nagaur Basin, Rajasthan, India: A petrochemical approach. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, v.39(15), pp. 1686–1693.
Singh, A.K. and Kumar, A. (2017b) Petro-chemical characterisation and depositional paleoenvironment of lignite deposits of Nagaur, Western Rajasthan, India. Environ. Earth Sci., v.76(20), pp.692.
Singh, A.K., Hakimi, M.H., Kumar, A., Ahmed, A., Abidin, N.S.Z., Kinawy, M., Osama, E.M. and Lashin, A. (2020) Geochemical and organic petrographic characteristics of high bituminous shales from Gurha mine in Rajasthan, NW India. Scientific Reports, v.10, pp.22108, DOI:10.1038/ s41598-020-78906-x.
Singh, M.P. and Singh, A.K. (2000) Petrographic characteristic and depositional conditions of Eocene coals of platform basins. Meghalaya, India. Internat. Jour. Coal Geol., v.42, pp.315–356.
Singh, M.P. and Singh, P. K. (1994a) Indications of Hydrocarbon generation in the coal deposits of the Rajmahal basin, Bihar: Revelation of Fluorescence microscopy. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.43(6), pp.647–658.
Singh, M.P. and Singh, P.K. (1994b) Comment and Reply on the paper ‘Indications of Hydrocarbon generation in the coal deposits of the Rajmahal basin, Bihar: Revelation of Fluorescence microscopy’. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.44, pp.588–590.
Singh, P.K. (2012) Petrological and Geochemical considerations to predict oil potential of Rajpardi and Vastan lignite deposits of Gujarat, Western India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.80(6), pp.759–770.
Singh, P.K., Singh, M.P., Singh, A.K. and Naik, A.S. (2012) Petrographic and geochemical characterization of coals from Tiru Valley, Nagaland, NE India. Energy, Exploration and Exploitation, v.30(21), pp.171–192.
Singh, P.K., Singh, M.P., Singh, A.K., Arora, M. and Naik, A.S. (2013a) Prediction of liquefaction behavior of East Kalimantan coals of Indonesia: an appraisal through petrography of selected coal samples. Ener. Sour. Pt A: Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects, v.35, pp.1728–1740.
Singh A. K., Singh, M. P. and Singh P. K. (2013b) Petrological investigations of Oligocene coals from foreland basin of northeast India, Energy, Exploration and Exploitation, v.31(6) pp.909–936
Singh, P.K., Rajak, P.K., Singh, V.K, Singh, M.P., Naik, A.S. and Raju, S.V. (2016a) Studies on thermal maturity and hydrocarbon potential of lignites of Bikaner-Nagaur basin, Rajasthan. Energy Exploration and Exploitation, SAGE Pub. Co. Ltd, UK., v.34(1), pp.140–157.
Singh, P.K., Singh, V.K., Rajak, P.K., Singh, M.P., Naik, A.S., Raju SV. and Mohanty, D. (2016b) Eocene lignites from Cambay basin, Western India: an excellent source of Hydrocarbon. Geoscience Frontiers, v.7, pp.811– 819.
Singh, P.K., Rajak, P.K., Singh, M.P., Singh, V.K. and Naik, A.S. (2016c) Geochemistry of Kasnau-Matasukh lignites, Nagaur basin, Rajasthan (India). Internat. Jour. Coal Sci. Tech., v.3(2), pp.104–122.
Singh, P.K., Singh, V.K., Rajak, P.K. and Mathur, N. (2017) A study on assessment of hydrocarbon potential of the lignite deposits of Saurashtra Basin, Gujarat (Western India). Internat. Jour. Coal Sci. Tech., v.4(4), pp.310–321.
Takahashi, K.U., Nakajima, T., Suzuki, Y., Morita, S., Sawaki, T. and Hanamura, Y. (2020) Hydrocarbon generation potential and thermal maturity of coal and coaly mudstones from the Eocene Urahoro Group in the Kushiro Coalfield, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Internat. Jour. Coal Geol., v.217, pp.103322.
Taylor, G.H., Teichmüller, M., Davis, A., Diessel, C.F.K., Littke, R. and Robert, P. (1998) Organic Petrology. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.
Tissot, B.P. and Welte, D.H. (1984) Petroleum Formation and Occurrence, Second ed. Springer, New York.
Waples, D.W. (1985) Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration. Inter. Human Resources and Develop. Co., Boston, 232.
Wilkins, R.W.T. and George, S.C. (2002) Coal as a source rock for oil: a review. Internat. Jour. Coal Geol., v.50, pp.317–361.
