Human Health Risk Assessment of Harmful Heavy Metals and Uranium Exposure in Shallow Aquifer of Nagaon, the Highest Populated District of Assam, India

Rinkumoni Barman; Snigdha Dutta; Keisham Radhapyari; Suparna Datta; Rishi Raj; Biplab Ray; Sudhir Kumar Srivastava

doi:10.1007/s12594-022-2188-6

Authors

Rinkumoni Barman
Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Guwahati – 781 035, Assam
Snigdha Dutta
Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Guwahati – 781 035, Assam
Keisham Radhapyari
Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Guwahati – 781 035, Assam
Suparna Datta
Central Ground Water Board, Eastern Region, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Kolkata – 700 091, West Bengal
Rishi Raj
Central Ground Water Board, North Western Region, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Chandigarh – 160 019
Biplab Ray
Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Guwahati – 781 035, Assam
Sudhir Kumar Srivastava
Central Ground Water Board, Central Head Quarters, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Faridabad – 121 001, Haryana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-2188-6

Abstract

The present investigation attempts to assess the harmful heavy metals and uranium exposure in shallow aquifers of the highest populated district Nagaon in the central Brahmaputra floodplain of Assam, India. Spatial distribution using the inverse distanced weighted interpolation method in Arc GIS, various pollution indices and health risk assessment indices pooled with statistical studies were employed to appraise the pollution scenario and potential health risk. The contamination degree index for the three locations was 14.09, 21.43 and 25.95, signifying a considerable degree of contamination. The excess cancer risk due to the radioactivity of uranium in adults and children of Nagaon district is negligible compared to the prescribed limit of 1.67×10^-4 set by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. The average concentration of the analyzed heavy metal follows the order Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > U > Pb > Cr > Cd. The notch box plot study reveals that the risk associated with the ingestion of water contaminated with heavy metals is higher than the dermal absorption. The HQ_Ingestion of manganese in children shows a higher range (0.003-6.85) than in adults (0.002-4.12), with a median value of 0.14 compared to 0.08 in adults. Both adults and children are vulnerable to noncarcinogenic risks, and the risk is higher in children than in adults.