Hydrochemistry of High Fluoride Groundwater Terrain of Phagi Block, Jaipur District, Rajasthan, India with Special Emphasis on Fluoride Correlation with Different Ions and Other Parameters

Abstract

About 53% of groundwater samples collected for chemical analysis have shown fluoride value beyond maximum permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L. The hydro-chemical correlation of fluoride with different anions and cations present in the groundwater of Phagi block, Jaipur district, Rajasthan was established using SPSS software and it is found that there is positive correlation of F^– with Na⁺ and negative correlation with Ca²⁺. Fluoride contents have strong positive correlation with pH (r = 0.337*) is significant at 0.05 level. The concentration of fluoride in groundwater of the study area is very high exceeding the limits prescribed by WHO and BIS, the highest value of F is being found in Harsuliya village which is 10.05 mg/l. Apart from this groundwater facies present in the study area has been computed and found in the decreasing order - Na - Cl > Mixed Ca - Na - HCO₃ > Mixed Ca - Mg - Cl > Ca - HCO₃ > Ca - Cl. The source of fluoride in the study area is mainly geogenic. Due to intake of groundwater high in fluoride, both dental and skeletal fluorosis is found in the local population of the study area.