Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanosized Crystals of Diamond Under Sub-Natural Conditions

Authors

  • B. Basavalingu
     Department of studies in Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006
  • K. Byrappa
     Department of studies in Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006
  • P. Madhusudan
     Department of studies in Geology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006

Keywords:

Diamond, Hydrothermal Synthesis, Nanosized Crystals.

Abstract

The hydrothermal synthesis of diamond was carried out in the silicon carbide - organic compound system. The organic compounds were expected to dissociate in a closed system to generate C-O-H supercritical fluids, which are known for their high dissolving power and influence on the type of elemental carbon formation, especially in stabilizing the sp3-hybridized carbon. The SEM studies reveal that the bulk portions of the carbon formed are spherical/ovoid shaped particles and in a few cases nanosized crystallites. The micro Raman spectral studies of carbon crystallites reveal that they are having typical spectra of sp3-hybridization, thus clearly demonstrating the formation of nano-sized diamond crystallites under sub-natural conditions. In all the above investigations metal catalysts or the seeded diamond were not used, unlike in earlier attempts on the hydrothermal synthesis of diamond.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Issue

Volume 69, Special Issue 3, March 2007

Section

Kimberlite and Related Rocks of India

Downloads

Published

2007-03-01

How to Cite

Basavalingu, B., Byrappa, K., & Madhusudan, P. (2007). Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanosized Crystals of Diamond Under Sub-Natural Conditions. Journal of Geological Society of India, 69(3), 665–670. Retrieved from http://www.geosocindia.com/index.php/jgsi/article/view/72826

References

AKAISHI, M., KANDA, H. and YAMAOKA, S. (1993) Phosphorus: An elemental catalyst for diamond synthesis. Science, v.259, pp.1592-1593.

AKAISHI, M., YAMAOKA, S., UEDA, F. and OHASHI, J. (1996) Synthesis of polycrystalline, diamond compact with magnesium carbonate and its physical properties. Diamond and Related Materials, v.5, pp.2-7.

ANGUS, J.C. and HAYMAN, C.C. (1988) Low-pressure, metastable growth of diamond and "diamondlike” phases. Science., v.241, pp.913-921.

BACHMANN, P. K., LEERS, D. and LYDTIN, H. (1991) Towards a general concept of diamond chemical vapor deposition. Diamond and Related Materials, v.1, pp.1-12.

BANHART, F., FULLER, T., REDLICH, PH. and AJAYAM, P.M. (1997) The formation, annealing and self-compression of carbon onions under electron irradiation. Chem. Phys. Lett., v.269, (3-4) pp.349-355.

BERMAN, R. and SIMON, E. (1955) The graphite-diamond equilibrium. Z. Elektrochem., v.59, 333-338.

BASAVALINGU, B., MORENO, J.M.C., BYRAPPA, K., GOGOTSI, Y.G. and YOSHIMURA, M. (2001a) Decomposition of silicon carbide in the presence of organic compounds under hydrothermal conditions. Carbon, v.39, pp.1763-1767.

BASAVALINGU, B., BYRAPPA, K. and YOSHIMURA, M. (2001b) An experimental study on high temperature and high pressure synthesis of sp3 bonded carbon. Advances in high pressure science and technology, pp.417-421.

BUNDY, F. P., HALL, H.T., STRONG, H.M. and WENTORF, R. H. (1955) Man-made diamonds. Nature, v.4471, pp.51-55.

BUNDY, F.P., BOVENKERK, H.P., STRONG, H.M. and WENTORFL. Jr. (1961) Diamond graphite equilibrium line from growth and graphitization of diamond. Jour. Chem. Physics., v.35, pp.383391.

DE VRIES, R.C. (1990) Hydrothermal carbon: A review from carbon in ‘Herkimer diamonds' to that in real diamonds, In: S. Somiya (Ed.), Advanced Ceramic., v.III, Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp.181-205.

DE VRIES, R.C. (1997) Diamond from warm water. Nature, v.385, pp.485.

DE VRIES, R.C., ROY, R., SOMIYA, S. and YAMADA, S. (1994) A review of liquid phase systems pertinent to diamond synthesis. Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Japan, v.19B, pp.641-663.

FRONDEL and MARVIN. (1967) Lonsdellite, a hexagonal polymorph of diamond. Nature, v.214, pp.587-589.

GOGOTSI, Y.G., NICKEL, K.G. and KOFSTAD, P. (1995) Hydrothermal synthesis of diamond from diamond-seeded b-SiC powder. Jour. Mater. Chem., v.5, pp 2313-2314.

GOGOTSI, Y. G., KOFSTAD, P., YOSHIMURA, M. and NICKEL, K.G. (1996) Formation of sp3 bonded carbon upon hydrothermal treatment of SiC. Diamond and Related Materials, v.5, pp.151162.

GOGOTSI, Y.G., JEON, I.D. and MCNALLAN, M. (1997) Carbon coatings on silicon carbon by relation with chlorine-containing gases. Jour. Mater. Chem., v.7(9), pp.1841-1848.

HUONG, P.V. (1991) Structural studies of diamond films and ultrahard materials by Raman and micro-Raman spectroscopies.Diamond and Related Materials, v.1, pp.33-41.

LAMY DE LA, C.M., LEFRANT, S., JOURNET, C., MASER, W., BERNIER, P. and LOISEAU, A. (1998) Raman studies on single walled carbon nanotubes produced by the electric arc technique Carbon., v.36, pp.705-708.

LEUNG, I., GUO, W., FRIEDMAN, I. and GLEASON, J. (1990) Natural occurrence of silicon carbide in a diamondiferous kimberlite from Fuxian. Nature, v.346, pp.352-354.

LIMIN, C., CUNXIAO, G., HAIPING, S., GUANGTIAN, Z., ZHANG, Z., ZHANG, X., MENG, G., MING, Z., YANCUN, L., ZHANG, J., DAOYANG, D., LILANG and WANG, W. (2001) Synthesis of diamond from carbon nanotubes under high pressure and high temperature. Carbon, v.39, pp.287-324.

LITVIN, Y.A., CHUDINOVSKIKH, L.T., SAPARIN, G.V., OBYDEN, S.K., CHUKICHEV, M.V. and Vavilov, V.S. (1999) Diamonds of new alkaline carbonate-graphite HP synthesis: SEM morphology CCL-SEM and CL spectroscopy studies. Diamond and Related Materials, v.8, pp.267-272.

ORLOV YU. L. (1977) Mineralogy of Diamond. Wiley, New York, 235p.

PELLETIER, M. J. (1999) Analytical applications of Raman spectroscopy. Blackwell Science, 705p.

REGUEIRO, M.N., MONCEAU, P. and HODEAU, J.L. (1992) Crushing C60 to diamond at room temperature. Nature, v.355, pp.237239.

ROY, R., DEWAN, H.S. and RAVINDRANATHAN, P. (1993) Diamond synthesis via low pressure solid state source process, Mat. Res. Bull., v. 28, (9) pp. 861-866.

SOKOL, A. G., TOMILENKO, A. A., PAL'YANOVA, Y.N., BORZDOV, Y.M., PAL'YANOVA, G.A. and KHOKHRYAKOV, A.F. (2000) Fluid regime of diamond crystallization in carbonate - carbon systems. Eur. Jour. Mineral., v.12, pp.367-375.

SOKOL, A.G., PAL'YANOV, Y.N., PAL'YANOVA, G.A., KHOKHRYAKOV, A.F. and Borzdov, Y.M. (2001) Diamond and graphite crystallization from C-O-H fluids under high pressure and high temperature conditions. Diamond and Related Materials, v.10, pp.2131-2136.

SZYMANSKI, A., ABGAROWICZ, E., BAKON, ANDREZEF, NIEDBALSKA, ALICJA, SALACINSKI, RYSZARD and SENTER, J. (1995) Diamond formed at low pressure and temperatures through liquid phase hydrothermal synthesis. Diamond and Related Materials, v.4, pp.234-235.

SZYMANSKI, A.M. (1996) Hydrothermal process of bulk diamond coarsening and multigrain composites synthesis. Jour. Chem. Vap. Dep., v.4, pp.278-285.

SZYMANSKI, A. (1997) On the possibility of bulk large diamond single crystal synthesis with hydrothermal process. Jour. Mineral. Soc. Korea., v.10(1), pp.18-32.

VAN VECHTEN, J.A. (1973) Calculated P-T diagram for carbon. Phys.Rev. B; Solid State., v.7(4), pp.1479-1507.

VASIL'EV, V.G., KOVAL'SKII, V.P. and CHERSKII, N.V. (1968) Origin of diamond. Nedra., in Russian.

YAMADA, K. and SAWAOKA, A. B. (1994) Nucleation and growth of diamond in detonation products. Jour. Am. Ceram. Soc., v.77(4), pp.1104-1106.

ZAO, X. Z., ROY, R,. CHERIAN,K.A. and BADZIAN,A. (1997) Hydrothermal growth of diamond in metal-C-H2O systems, Nature, v.385, pp.513-515.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>