Gold metallogeny having distinct temporal distribution has a direct relationship with changes in the global tectonic processes. In India too gold metallogeny is episodic from Mesoarchaean to Neoproterozoic peaking in the Neoarchaean and Paleoproterozoic periods. Indian Phanerozoic also show discrete feeble mineralisation which is not of any economic interest. The most productive gold deposits are restricted to Neoarchaean granite-greenstone terranes of Dharwar Craton. Gold deposits/ prospects occur in the eastern as well as western blocks of the Craton, but most productive deposits are in the Eastern Dharwar Craton. Current gold production in the country is mainly from three Neoarchaean deposits in the Hutti-Maski greenstone belt. A small size Mesoarchaean deposit has been located in Singhbhum Craton also. The gold deposits are generally lode type or vein/reef type restricted to shear zones. Secondary shear zones or splays are the loci for mineralisation of commercial interest. Deformed and metamorphosed host rocks exhibit extensive wall rock alteration along the mineralised zones. The deposits are of epigenetic Au or Au-W types with sulphides.During Palaeo and Mesoproterozoic times, gold mineralization occurred in the Fold Belts/Supracrustal belts of the Singhbhum, Bastar and Bundelkhand cratons, namely Aravalli belt, Mahakoshal belt, Singhbhum belt, Kotri belt, Sonakhan belt, Sakoli and Raigarh belts. The mineralization is of Au-Cu and Cu-Au types with basemetals (Cu & Zn) as a dominant component as compared to the gold-only type during Archaean period. Despite the existence of a number of drilled gold and copper-gold resources spread over the three cratons mentioned above, only one mine is being operated at Lawa in Singhbhum Fold Belt which produces a small quantity of about 13kg of gold per annum (as reported in IBM?s Mineral Year Book).VMS type Cu-Au-U metallogenesis reported from Singhbhum Shear Zone, contributing gold as a by-product of copper mining. VMS type Cu-Au prospects abound in Rajasthan. Neoproterozoic (830-850 Ma) Khetri copper deposits exhibit IOCG type Cu-Au mineralisation where gold is recovered as a by-product. Porphyry style Cu-Au-Mo mineralisation is associated in Malanjkhand granite producing gold as a by-product. Mesoproterozoic Cu-Au-Zn prospects are common in the Sakoli Fold Belt. Gold is also found within the Chhotanagpur Gneissic terrain.Palaeoplacer deposits in Quartz Pebble Conglomerate (QPC) are present in Neoarchaean Iron Ore Group (IOG) of Singhbhum Craton and in Bababudan Group of Dharwar craton. Paleoplacer U-Au occurrences are found at the Neoarchaean-Paleoproterozoic boundary exposed at the basal part of Dhanjori basin in Singhbhum Fold Belt. U-Au bearing palaeoplacers, sampled so far, have shown anomalous to interesting gold valuesGold is also reported from the Tertiary laterite covering parts of the Southern Granulite Terrain and Neoarchean greenstone belts in Goa State. Present day placer gold is being recovered locally from eluvial, alluvial and colluvial zones in different parts of the country.
Geological Setup for Gold Prospects and Deposits in India
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Gold metallogeny having distinct temporal distribution has a direct relationship with changes in the global tectonic processes. In India too gold metallogeny is episodic from Mesoarchaean to Neoproterozoic peaking in the Neoarchaean and Paleoproterozoic periods. Indian Phanerozoic also show discrete feeble mineralisation which is not of any economic interest. The most productive gold deposits are restricted to Neoarchaean granite-greenstone terranes of Dharwar Craton. Gold deposits/ prospects occur in the eastern as well as western blocks of the Craton, but most productive deposits are in the Eastern Dharwar Craton. Current gold production in the country is mainly from three Neoarchaean deposits in the Hutti-Maski greenstone belt. A small size Mesoarchaean deposit has been located in Singhbhum Craton also. The gold deposits are generally lode type or vein/reef type restricted to shear zones. Secondary shear zones or splays are the loci for mineralisation of commercial interest. Deformed and metamorphosed host rocks exhibit extensive wall rock alteration along the mineralised zones. The deposits are of epigenetic Au or Au-W types with sulphides.During Palaeo and Mesoproterozoic times, gold mineralization occurred in the Fold Belts/Supracrustal belts of the Singhbhum, Bastar and Bundelkhand cratons, namely Aravalli belt, Mahakoshal belt, Singhbhum belt, Kotri belt, Sonakhan belt, Sakoli and Raigarh belts. The mineralization is of Au-Cu and Cu-Au types with basemetals (Cu & Zn) as a dominant component as compared to the gold-only type during Archaean period. Despite the existence of a number of drilled gold and copper-gold resources spread over the three cratons mentioned above, only one mine is being operated at Lawa in Singhbhum Fold Belt which produces a small quantity of about 13kg of gold per annum (as reported in IBM?s Mineral Year Book).VMS type Cu-Au-U metallogenesis reported from Singhbhum Shear Zone, contributing gold as a by-product of copper mining. VMS type Cu-Au prospects abound in Rajasthan. Neoproterozoic (830-850 Ma) Khetri copper deposits exhibit IOCG type Cu-Au mineralisation where gold is recovered as a by-product. Porphyry style Cu-Au-Mo mineralisation is associated in Malanjkhand granite producing gold as a by-product. Mesoproterozoic Cu-Au-Zn prospects are common in the Sakoli Fold Belt. Gold is also found within the Chhotanagpur Gneissic terrain.Palaeoplacer deposits in Quartz Pebble Conglomerate (QPC) are present in Neoarchaean Iron Ore Group (IOG) of Singhbhum Craton and in Bababudan Group of Dharwar craton. Paleoplacer U-Au occurrences are found at the Neoarchaean-Paleoproterozoic boundary exposed at the basal part of Dhanjori basin in Singhbhum Fold Belt. U-Au bearing palaeoplacers, sampled so far, have shown anomalous to interesting gold valuesGold is also reported from the Tertiary laterite covering parts of the Southern Granulite Terrain and Neoarchean greenstone belts in Goa State. Present day placer gold is being recovered locally from eluvial, alluvial and colluvial zones in different parts of the country.
Publication Mode |
Online |
---|---|
Publication Author |
S. K. Biswas |
Publication Language |
English |
Publication Type |
Conference Paper |
Publication Year |
2021 |
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